Ultrasonic testing

(UT / PAUT / UT-TM)

Radiation-free volumetric defect detection and wall thickness measurement without production downtime. Traditional ultrasonic testing (UT), phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) and thickness measurement (UT-TM) together cover everything from weld quality assurance to maintenance corrosion monitoring. Our reporting system delivers a completed report in under 24 hours.

Methods

Three ultrasound methods — one supplier

Ultrasonic testing covers three methods optimised for distinct purposes. The correct choice — or combination of them — depends on the object being inspected, the defect type and the documentation requirements.

UT

Traditional ultrasound scan

Fault detection performed with a single probe. Particularly suitable for welds, plates, forgings and shafts. A rapid field method that does not require radiation protection interlocking.

PAUT

Phased array ultrasonic testing

A multi-element probe forms a controllable and focusable phased array of sound beams. Generates recordable image data – better positioning accuracy, documentability and traceability.

UT-TM

Ultrasonic thickness measurement

Wall thickness measurement from one side of the component. A predictive maintenance tool for monitoring corrosion, erosion and wear. The result is a numerical thickness value in millimetres.

NDT Aura Oy implements all three ultrasonic methods certified in accordance with the SFS-EN ISO 9712 qualification requirements. If necessary, we consult on the selection of the most suitable method or combination based on the geometry, material and standard requirements of the object.

FASTEST REPORTING IN THE INDUSTRY

Our reporting system enables a completed inspection report in under 24 hours — even for urgent orders.

FLEXIBLE IMPLEMENTATION

Inspections are carried out at night and at weekends if necessary. Even with twenty-four hours' notice on-site — without production downtime or radiation protection areas.

THREE METHODS – ONE PARTNER

UT, PAUT and UT-TM from the same supplier. We consult on the right combination of methods — no unnecessary inspection rounds or extra subcontractors.

Method comparison

UT, PAUT and UT-TM — when to use which?

All three are based on the physics of ultrasound, but serve different purposes. By understanding the differences, you can choose the most suitable solution for the situation — or ask us to consult.

UT

Traditional ultrasound scan

  • Single transducer, A-scan-based interpretation
  • Quick troubleshooting of welds, sheet metal, forgings
  • Field-ready — also for confined spaces
  • No radiation hazard, no radiation protection area
  • Interpretation requires an experienced inspector
  • Standards: ISO 17640,
    EN ISO 11666
PAUT

Phased array ultrasonic testing

  • Multi-element probe, imaging sector data
  • Better location accuracy and size estimation
  • Data to be saved and subsequently analysed
  • Particularly suitable for critical welds and applications requiring PAUT
  • Faster coverage in large audits
  • Standards: ISO 13588,
    EN ISO 19285
UT-TM

Ultrasonic thickness measurement

  • Thickness value to the nearest mm from one side
  • No defect classification — wall thickness monitoring
  • Quantitative measurement of corrosion and wear
  • Measurement grid or risk-based spot check
  • Maintenance and life cycle assessment tool
  • Standards: ISO 16809

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS


01

UT / PAUT: Welds in piping and pressure equipment — pre-fabrication and initial inspections (PED 2014/68/EU)

02

PAUT: Critical crane structures, joints and demanding steel structures where recordable inspection data is required

03

UT / PAUT: Weld joints in shipyard and shipbuilding structures

04

UT-TM: Wall thickness measurements of process industry piping and vessels — corrosion mapping and wear monitoring

05

Detection of internal discontinuities in castings, forgings, shafts and gears

06

UT-TM: In-service maintenance: assessment of remaining wall thickness of in-service equipment

AUDIT PROCESS STEP BY STEP

AUDIT PLANNING AND METHOD SELECTION

The geometry, material, wall thickness and applicable standard of the object determine the correct method or combination.

SURFACE PRETREATMENT AND CALIBRATION

To ensure good acoustic contact, the device is calibrated to the sound velocity of the component material. In PAUT testing, the wedge selections are set according to the inspection plan.

SCANNING AND DATA STORAGE

UT: systematic scanning in real time. PAUT: phased array scanning and full sector data are recorded. UT-TM: predefined measurement points.

ASSESSMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF INDICATIONS

A certified Level II or Level III inspector evaluates the findings in accordance with the acceptance criteria of applicable standards.

REPORTING IN UNDER 24 HOURS

Our reporting system generates an audit-ready inspection report, ready to be attached to the QA/QC documentation.

ULTRASONIC METHODS ALONGSIDE OTHER NDT METHODS

The following comparison helps to select the most suitable method or combination of methods for the situation:

NDT method comparison — UT / PAUT / UT-TM / dRT / MT-PT
Feature UT PAUT UT-TM dRT MT / PT
Internal volumetric defects Excellent Excellent Not suitable Excellent Not suitable
Pintaviat Limited Limited Not suitable Limited Excellent
wall thickness measurement Yes Yes Optimised Not suitable Not suitable
Imaging data A-scan Sector/B-picture Numerical Digital image No image
Data to be saved Limited Yes Yes Yes No
Non-ferromagnetic materials Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable not suitable
Radiation protection is required Not needed Not needed Not needed Required Not needed
Speed / efficiency Fast Fast Fast Fast Fast

UT — Ultrasonic Testing

Internal volumetric defects✓ Excellent
PintaviatLimited
wall thickness measurement✓ Yes
Imaging dataA-scan
Data to be savedLimited
Non-ferromagnetic materials✓ Suitable
Radiation protection is required✓ Not required
Speed / efficiency✓ Quick

PAUT — Phased Array UT

Internal volumetric defects✓ Excellent
PintaviatLimited
wall thickness measurement✓ Yes
Imaging dataSector/B-picture
Data to be saved✓ Yes
Non-ferromagnetic materials✓ Suitable
Radiation protection is required✓ Not required
Speed / efficiency✓ Quick

UT-TM — Thickness Measurement

Internal volumetric defects✗ Not suitable
Pintaviat✗ Not suitable
wall thickness measurement✓ Optimised
Imaging dataNumerical
Data to be saved✓ Yes
Non-ferromagnetic materials✓ Suitable
Radiation protection is required✓ Not required
Speed / efficiency✓ Quick

DR — Digital radiography

Internal volumetric defects✓ Excellent
PintaviatLimited
wall thickness measurement✗ Not suitable
Imaging dataDigital image
Data to be saved✓ Yes
Non-ferromagnetic materials✓ Suitable
Radiation protection is required✗ Required
Speed / efficiency✓ Quick

MT / PT — Magnetic Particle / Penetrant Testing

Internal volumetric defects✗ Not suitable
Pintaviat✓ Excellent
wall thickness measurement✗ Not suitable
Imaging data✗ No image
Data to be saved✗ No
Non-ferromagnetic materialsnot suitable
Radiation protection is required✓ Not required
Speed / efficiency✓ Quick

Note: The combination of UT or PAUT and MT or PT is a common solution for critical welded structures where comprehensive inspection is required for both internal volumetric defects and

Customer benefits

NON-RADIOACTIVE

No ionising radiation, no radiation protection zones. Inspection often possible alongside production without personnel relocation.

Compliance

Reporting fulfils ISO 17640, ISO 13588, SFS-EN ISO 9712 and project-specific requirements.

SPEED AND FLEXIBILITY

The reporting system delivers an audit-ready report in even less than 24 hours. An auditor can be on-site with as little as 24 hours' notice.

LIFE CYCLE DATA

UT-TM enables quantitative monitoring of corrosion and wear throughout the lifecycle.

THREE METHODS

UT, PAUT and UT-TM from the same supplier — no extra subcontractors, no unnecessary inspection rounds.

ACCURACY AND DOCUMENTATION

PAUT produces recordable sector and B-scan data for post-analysis. The location, depth and size of indications are precisely documented.

QUALIFICATION

STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION

NDT Aura Oy's inspectors operate in accordance with the standards listed below — a technically competent and legally acceptable inspection result.

SFS-EN ISO 9712 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
ISO 17640 Manual ultrasonic testing (UT) of welds
ISO 13588 Phased array ultrasonic testing of welded joints (PAUT)
EN ISO 11666 Acceptance levels for ultrasonic testing in welded joints
ISO 16809 Ultrasonic thickness measurement (UT-TM)
Project-specific EN, ISO, ASME and customer-specific requirements

NDT programme

BASIC COURSE IN THE COMPREHENSIVE NDT PROGRAMME

Ultrasonic methods excellently cover volumetric flaws and thickness measurements, but comprehensive quality assurance often requires a combination of methods. NDT Aura Oy consults on the creation of the most suitable inspection programme based on the object's risk level and standard requirements:

Ultrasonic testing (UT) – volumetric defects and wall thickness measurements Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) — imaging data, critical welds Thickness measurement (UT-TM) — wall thickness, corrosion monitoring Magnetic particle testing (MT) – surface defects in ferromagnetic materials Dye penetrant inspection (PT) – surface defects in all non-porous materials Radiographic testing (RT) – internal defects, requires radiation permits Visual Testing (VT) – initial inspection prior to other methods
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ULTRASOUND INSPECTIONS (FAQ)

Traditional UT is well suited for rapid flaw detection in simpler geometries and for situations where the inspection can be carried out as a manual scan based on experience. PAUT is a better choice when recordable and repeatable inspection data, more accurate flaw sizing, or strict documentation requirements are demanded.

UT testing is primarily defect detection: the objective is to detect cracks, bonding defects and inclusions. UT-TM measures the remaining wall thickness of the material as a numerical value in millimetres. UT-TM does not search for defects but quantifies the progression of wear, corrosion or erosion. The methods can be carried out during the same visit.

Ultrasonic testing is widely applicable to various metals — carbon steel, stainless steel (both austenitic and ferritic), aluminium, copper and other alloys. Unlike magnetic particle testing, UT does not rely on the magnetic properties of the material.

Not necessarily. Ultrasonic testing does not require a radiation controlled area, so in many cases it can be carried out alongside production without relocating personnel. Inspections can be carried out at night or at weekends — and an inspector can even be on site with 24 hours' notice.

Our reporting system enables a completed inspection report in even under 24 hours from the inspection. In urgent situations, we can often operate within the same day or by the following morning.

NDT aura will deliver an order form to the client, which provides a description of the object: material, wall thickness, welding method, volume of welds or surface area to be inspected, applicable standard, and desired schedule. Drawings will expedite the preparation of the quotation. For UT-TM measurements, a description of the object, material, and measurement point grid is sufficient.

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Request for quotation

Request a quote for an ultrasound scan

(UT, PAUT, UT-TM) — fast response, flexible implementation, reporting even in under 24 hours

Tell us about the inspection object, material, applicable standard and schedule — we will respond to your request for quote quickly. Send the drawings or a short project description, and we will help you choose the technically correct NDT method or combination of methods.

Material and structure or weld to be inspected
Applicable standard or project-specific requirement
Drawings or a short project description speed up the quotation